MEMORY
Types of Memory Use
Recall: The ability to capture and bring forth ideas (without cues) that you have been previously exposed to.
Recognition: The ability to capture and bring forth ideas (with cues) to which you have previously exposed.
Memory Systems
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Short-term
Limited information (3-5 chunks) held for a matter of seconds
Focus on information moves it to Working Memory
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Working
Limited information (5-9 chunks) held for a matter of minutes
Memorization strategies move it to Long-Term Memory
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Long-Term
Unlimited information available for recall indefinitely
Will decay over time without the use of ongoing recall efforts
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Memorization Strategies
Rehearsal & Chunking
Associate & Relate
Mnemonics
Systematic Mnemonic Devices
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Practice rehearsing & chunking the information you need to memorize:
Rehearsal: Recite the information to be memorized to yourself or to someone else who can check your accuracy.
Chunking: Break information to be memorized into smaller, related chunks.
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Practice associating information to be memorized with personal experience:
Value: associate the importance of the information to your life
Purpose: associate the information with a clear purpose or motive for remembering it
Relationship: associate the information with memories or experiences you have had with it
Random: associate the information to random, outrageous, sensory, and novel images, phrases, or ideas
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Practice associating information with related words, phrases, or images:
Visual: connect the information to images whose names sound like what you want to memorize
Verbal: connect the information to words whose names sound like what you want to memorize
Connective: connect the information to words whose meaning is similar to what you want to memorize
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Practice associating information to be memorized with organized systems:
Peg Systems: associate information with pre-defined, numbered lists of words
Loci Systems: associate information with images from a familiar location arranged in chronological sequence
Storytelling: associate information with different plot elements from a familiar story
Matching/Pairing: associate information with its real-world components in an intentional sequence
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